Sunlight, Photosyntesis & Vitamin D

Direct sunlight is required for all life on Earth.  It provides health benefits from the Vitamin D we receive from sunlight.  It acts as a disenfectant for molds, mildews, viruses, and the reduces the spread of the flu.  It provides photosynthesis which is needed for all plants to grow strong and healthy enough to produce food crops. 

We are already reducing the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth with a variety of programs and pollutants.  Now a small group of scientists are working to implement geoengineering experiments to reduce more direct sunlight from reaching the Earth. The sun has a great influence on our oceans, weather, and climate.  Solar power is being used increasingly as an alternative energy source.  What happens when we reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth? We need to consider whether this is a wise policy given a variety of unknown consequences.

Toxic chemicals and particles are also being discussed by Geoengineers for use in our atmosphere without any consideration for the acid rains that they will produce.  More air pollution and contamination of our water resources and soils or changes in soil pH will be the result-impacting plant health, crop production, and tree health.  Sea salt is being proposed for usage to make clouds brighter without considering that salt makes soils unproductive and water unfit to drink or be used for crop irrigation.

Geoengineering promoting scientists are aware that NASA studies (See Geoengineering Section of this website for NASA Documents), show that jets are leaving persistent jet contrails that exacerbate global warming, change our climate and have negative impacts on natural resources.  And we have a variety of experimental atmospheric programs that are using the atmosphere as a physics testing laboratory like HAARP in Alaska, the NASA and U.S. Air Force CRESS and Night Clouds Programs, the U.S. Navy and NASA atmospheric CARE program (which deployed into the Atmospherice an Aluminum Oxide Dust Clouds on September 19, 2009).  In additional our experimental weather modification programs, ocean iron fertilization, and other experiments that are all ongoing.  (This website provides the documents, studies, and other information about these programs.)

Honey bees, and other species, depend upon UV radiation for communication and navigation purposes.  In addition, with ever-increasing UV Radiation reaching the Earth our increasing atmospheric experiments may have already damaged these protective atmospheric layers.  Prior to allowing more experimental geoengineering schemes to be deployed in our oceans and atmosphere, without public consent or oversight, we need to engage in public debate and hear from scientists from all categories...not just the ones that will benefit financially from the geoeingeering schemes that they are promoting.   

Global Geoengineering Governance is being planned, without public participation, by both the U.S. and the UK Parliament...it is time to say "no" to all of it until the public is fully informed of the consequences of deploying these schemes.  Direct sunlight benefits all of us in so many ways.  It is now time to put the brakes on these experimental geoengineering and other atmospsheric experiments.  The negative consequences of using our oceans or the atmosphere as giant experimental physics laboratories, may exacerabate or contribute to make our problems worse than the problems we are now experiencing.  And maybe our own current experiments are causing many of our problems.  We should address these issue first.

We also know from many studies that a lack of direct sunlight lowers crop production when normal rainfall is present.  It is time to rethink these geoengineering schemes and their unknown consequences.  Direct sunlight is good for all living things on the planet - it provides for life as we know it. (See the Vitamin D Health information in the pdfs below-there is growing body of evidence that shows increasing health consequences from lack of Vitamin D, including rickets in children.  Could this be caused by the man-made clouds described in NASA studies?)

21 NASA April 2007 Workshop On Managing Solar Radiation.pdf

2A 2007 NewsWithViews.com Solar Power+Man-Made Clouds September 4, 2007.pdf

2A 2008 NWV Ultraviolet Radiation Warning Article by Rosalind Peterson July 2008.pdf

2A DIMINISHED SOLAR CAPACITIES PERSISTENT JET CONTRAILS 2007-2008 DW.pdf

2A Photosynthesis Poster 2009.pdf

2B 2006 Brown Cloud Global Dimming Climate India 2006 ABC Project-Pollutants.pdf

2B 2008 Global Dimming From Air Pollution+Man-Made Clouds ENN UNEP NOV 25, 2008 Studies.pdf

2B 2009 Air Pollution Dims Skies+Pollutes the Air March 12, 2009 Yahoo News No Mention Man-Made Clouds.pdf

2B 2010 Volcano Eruption in Iceland Will Change Climate+Pollute the Air NYTimes April 15, 2010.pdf

2C 2006 Blocking Out The Sun England May 3, 2006.pdf

2C 2007 Australia Online Media Gallery Cloud Photographs 2007.pdf

2C 2007 Insides of Clouds-Sunlight-Aerosols Keys to Climate Change February 27, 2007 Science Daily News.pdf

2C 2010 NASA Langley Cloud+Radiation Group March 18, 2010 Website http___www-pm.larc.nasa.pdf

2D 1995 Alaska Science Forum November 10, 1995 SAD Lack of Sunlight.pdf

2D 2003 Dimming Earth December 18, 2003 Guardian Unlimited - Earth is Darker.pdf

2D 2003 Global Dimming December 18, 2003 GuardianUnlimited Goodbye Sunshine.pdf

2D 2003 Sunlight Dimming 2003 Guardian Unlimited Article.pdf

2D 2005 BBC Global Dimming December 8, 2005 Science+Nature News.pdf

2D 2005 BBC Global Dimming January 15, 2005.pdf

2D 2005 BBC JAN 13, 2005 Australian Scientists say Amount of Solar Energy Reaching the Earth Falling 22%.pdf

2D 2006 Dimming the Sun April 18, 2006 David Sington NOVA.pdf

2D 2006 Dimming the Sun NOVA PBS April 18, 2006.pdf

2D 2006 Dimming the Sun NOVA PBS April 18, 2006 Transcript.pdf

2D 2006 Dimming the Sun PBS NOVA April 18, 2006.pdf

2D 2006 Global Dimming Jets Blocking Out The Sun England May 3, 2006.pdf

2D 2006 NASA Studies January 17, 2006 Increasing Aerosol Concentrations-Produce Fog-Like Haze.pdf

2D 2006 Scientists Baffled by Less Sunlight Reaching Earth JAN 24, 2006 Live Science-Man-Made Clouds-Questions.pdf

2D 2006 Sunlight - Blocking Out The Sun May 3, 2006 The Evening Star News.pdf

2D 2006 Sunlight Less January 13, 2006 But Temperatures Rise.pdf

2D 2007 Solar Radiation Climate Change March 16, 2007_Science_315_1543 Aerosol Trends-More Studies Needed.pdf

2D 2010 Nature Reports Solar Low Scenario March 18, 2010 - Then Why the Need for Solar Radiation Management.pdf

2E 2008 Alternative Energy Suddenly Faces Headwinds NYTimes October 21, 2008.pdf

2E 2008 CNN Beam Solar Power from Space May 30, 2008.pdf

2F 2009 Vitamin D-Lizards Bask in the Sun for a Vitamin D Boost April 21, 2009 Science Daily News.pdf

2I 2010 Volcano Ash Cloud Iceland Silver Lining Blue Skies-No Crisscrosses Yahoo News April 21, 2010.pdf

2K 2007 Global Sunscreen Has Likely Thinned+Aerosols NASA Study March 16, 2007 Science Daily News.pdf

2K 2008 Air Pollution both Decreases and Increases Rainfall SEPT 11, 2008 Prof Rosenfeld Studies Aerosols.pdf

2K 2008 ENN News November 25, 2008 Clouds of Pollution Block Sunlight.pdf

2L 2009 Honey Bee Study Kerala, India CCD Link Possible September 2009 Mobile Microwaves.pdf

2L 2010 Study Shows Mobile Phones Responsible for Disappearance of Honey Bees May 29, 2010 Telegraph.co.uk.pdf

2M 2002 WHO Global Solar UV Index Guide 2002.pdf

2M 2008 Aviation Smog 2008 Satellite Pictures NASA Langley Cloud+Radiation Center.pdf

2M 2009 Carnegie Mellon Changes in the Sun are not Causing Global Warming-New Study May 12, 2009 SDNews.pdf

2M 2010 Aluminum Maker Eyes Solar Industry ALCOA March 18, 2010 NYTimes.pdf

2M 2010 New Metamaterial First to Bend Light in the Visible Spectrum Popular Science April 23, 2010.pdf

2M 2010 Solar Energy Utility Foes try to Block Rooftop Solar Panels in Hawaii March 17, 2010 Earthjustice.pdf

2M 2010 Volcano Ash Cloud Iceland Silver Lining Blue Skies-No Crisscrosses Yahoo News April 21, 2010.pdf

2N 2005 33 NASA Sun Satellites Solar UV Radiation Study 2005 What is Sun Influence on Ozone.pdf

2N 2007 USA Modis Satellite May 14, 2007 Unusual Cloud Formations Southern California-Baja Mexico.pdf

2N 2009 33 NASA May 29, 2009 Solar Cycles.pdf

2P 2007 Stunted Rangeland Feed Growth March 9, 2007.pdf

2P 2008 Arsenic Observatory - In Lake, Photosynthesis Relies on Arsenic August 18, 2008 NYTimes.pdf

2P 2008 Photosynthesis Abstract Search 2008 Pentagon Reports.pdf

2P 2008 Photosynthesis Perchlorate Biolgoical Effects Studies Abstract 2008.pdf

2P 2008 Scientists Using Lasers to Create Artificial Photosynthesis May 1, 2008 Counteract Solar Radiation Management Geoengineering.pdf

2P 2009 Next Energy News May 1, 2008 Scientists Using Lasers to Create Artificial Photosynthesis.pdf

2P 2009 Sunlight Photosynthetic Organisms Cope With Wide Range of Light Intensities Study NOV 25, 2009.pdf

2P 2010 33 NASA Heavy Regional Haze Cuts Crop Production-Reduces Amount of Sunlight Reaching Earth JAN 3, 2010.pdf

2P 2010 Sunlight - Photosynthesis Definition 2010 http___www.physorg.pdf

2Q 1998 U.S. Patent 5762298 June 9, 1998 Satellites Modify Solar Radiation Weather.pdf

2Q 1999 U.S. Patent 5984239 November 16, 1999 Weather Modification by Artificial Satellites.pdf

2R 1999 October 15, 1999 Rickets MMWR Weekely Report CDC.pdf

2R 2001 CDC ATSDR Appendix A - Background Information for Strontium-Rickets-Calcium.pdf

2R 2001 CDC Press Release March 30, 2001 Nutritional Deficiencies-Rickets.pdf

2R 2001 Rickets Information CDC March 30, 2001 Weekly Report.pdf

2R 2006 NHANES August 2006 Data Documentation+Rickets Information CDC.pdf

2R 2006 Rickets Not a Disease of the Past August 5, 2006 American Family Physicians.pdf

2R 2007 Rickets CDC Increasing 2007-Studies 2000-2003.pdf

2R 2007 Rickets - Vitamin D Deficiency February 2, 2007 Health Effects Listed.pdf

2R 2008 AAP Clinical Report Prevention of Rickets+Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants+Children November 5, 2008.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets March 15, 2010 Search 2008 Page 1.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets March 15, 2010 Search 2008 Page 2.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets March 15, 2010 Search 2008 Page 3.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets March 15, 2010 Search 2009 Page 1.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets March 15, 2010 Search 2009 Page 2.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets March 15, 2010 Search Page 1.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets March 15, 2010 Search Page 2.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets Search March 15, 2010 Page 1.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets Search March 15, 2010 Page 2.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets Search March 15, 2010 Page 3.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets Search March 15, 2010 Page 4.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Rickets Search March 15, 2010 Page 5.pdf

2R 2010 CDC Strontium+Rickets List of References.pdf

2R 2010 Vitamin D Study Finds Results Better When Supplements Taken With Largest Mean of Day Yahoo News May 6, 2010.pdf

2R Strontium Relevance to Public Health + Link to Rickets-Calcium in United States.pdf

2S 2007 Mechanical Engineers Create High Tech Solar Panels Science Daily News May 1, 2007.pdf

2S 2008 NYTimes December 26, 2008 Solar Power-Questions About Man-Made Clouds.pdf

2S 2008 Solar NYTimes July 3, 2008 Moratorium Lifted.pdf

2S 2008 Solar Power MIT Discovery Storing Solar Power Without the Sun Shining Juy 31, 2008 Plants.pdf

2S 2008 Solar Power Moratorium NYTimes June 27, 2008 U.S.pdf

2S 2010 Water Oxidation Advance Boots Potential for Solar Fuel from Sunlight EurekAlert March 11, 2010 AAAS.pdf

2T 1994 Reasons Why Trees and Shrubs May Fail to Bloom-One Reason Lack of Sunlight 1994.pdf

2T 2004 Sunlight National Geographic July 2004.pdf

2U 1991 Ultraviolet Radiation Effects on Biological Systems Diffey 1991.pdf

2U 2001 NASA Ultraviolet Radiation Affects Life Earth September 2001.pdf

2U 2007 Honey Bee Sunlight Link October 2007 Nature - Questions Solar Radiation Management-Higher UV+Infrared Radiation.pdf

2U 2007 UV Radiation Sun Protection Measures 2007.pdf

2U 2008 Honey Bee Decline The Indepentent September 7, 2008 Electronic Smog+Sparrows.pdf

2U 2008 Honey & Bumble Bees NASA Ultraviolet Radiation 2008.pdf

2U 2008 NASA Ultraviolet Radiation Predictions & Monitoring 2008.pdf

2U 2008 NASA Ultraviolet Radiation References 2008.pdf

2U 2008 NASA Ultraviolet Radiation UV-B July 13, 2008.pdf

2U 2008 NASA Ultraviolet Radiation UV-B Reaches Earth July 2008.pdf

2U 2008 NASA Ultraviolet Waves Electromagnetic Spectrum 2008.pdf

2U 2008 NASA UV Radiation Affects Life Earth Surface July 2008.pdf

2U 2008 NWV Ultraviolet Radiation Article by Rosalind Peterson July 2008.pdf

2U 2008 NWV Ultraviolet Radiation Warning July 29, 2008 Article by Rosalind Peterson.pdf

2U 2008 UV EPA How the UV Index is Calculated July 2008.pdf

2U 2008 UV Radiation Australia March 12, 2008 Melanoma Highest Levels Ever Victoria.pdf

2U 2009 Honey Bee Study Kerala, India CCD Link Possible September 2009 Mobile Microwaves.pdf

2U 2009 UV EPA Alert Map March 20, 2009 CPC - Outlooks_ UV Alert Forecast.pdf

2U 2010 Greenhouse Gases Absorb Infrared Radiation Elmhurst College 2010.pdf

2U 2010 Study Shows Mobile Phones Responsible for Disappearance of Honey Bees May 29, 2010 Telegraph.co.uk.pdf

2V 1999 CDC Public Health Achievements October 15, 1999 MMWR Weekly-Rickets+Foods.pdf

2V 2006 Vitamin D Signals to Prevent Bone Loss During Osteoporosis January 24, 2006 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2007 Telescopes South Pole February 2007.pdf

2V 2007 Telescopes Worthless by 2050 BBC March 2, 2007.pdf

2V 2007 Vitamin D - Lack of Direct Sunlight Vitamin D July 16, 2007 Telegraph.co.uk Possible Autism Link Questions.pdf

2V 2008 CDC Vitamin D Supplementation for Infants - Rickets November 2008.pdf

2V 2008 Prevention of Rickets+Vitamin D Defeciency in Infants, Children+Adolescents November 2008.pdf

2V 2008 Vitamin D Builds Strong Bones+Reduces Risks of Other Diseases July 15, 2008 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2008 Vitamin D Deficiency Linked to Many Health Problems-Pregnancy NYTimes December 30, 2008.pdf

2V 2008 Vitamin D Deficiency May 15, 2008 Leads to Poor Breast Cancer Outcomes-Canadian Study.pdf

2V 2008 Vitamin D Deficiency NYTimes August 26, 2008 Rickets in Babies-Health Problems.pdf

2V 2008 Vitamin D Insufficiency-Present in Pediatric Patients-Low Bone Density June 5, 2008 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2008 Vitamin D KTVU Channel 2 John Fowler 2008 Reports Vitamin D-Human Brain.pdf

2V 2008 Vitamin D Lack of Sunlight October 20, 2008 Infants Need More Vitamin D.pdf

2V 2008 Vitamin D Linked to Heart Related Deaths+Other Health Problems June 23, 2008.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin A Deficiency - Blindness NYTimes May 14, 2009 Kristof Other Health Problems.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D - Age 65+ Take High Dose Vitamin D to Prevent Falls October 3, 2009 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Deficiencies October 28, 2009 Information Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Deficiency Common in U.S. Children August 3, 2009 CNN News.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Health Link December 6, 2009 Hearld Scotland .pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Insufficiency Linked to Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women May 21, 2009 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D is the Nutrient of the Moment January 14, 2009 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D - Lack in Children 70 Per Cent Shocking Yahoo News August 3, 2009.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Lack in Millions of U.S. Children The Washington Post by Stein August 3, 2009 Page 2+Graph.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Lack = Laundry List of Health Problems for Children Study October 26, 2009.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Levels Liked to Successful Weight Loss With Dieting June 12, 2009 ScienceDaily News.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Millions of U.S. Children Have Low Levels The Washington Post August 3, 2009 Page 1 by Stein.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D - Older Adults Need More Sun for Improved Health May 12, 2009 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Pills May Prevent Fractures in Older Adults March 31, 2009 NYTimes.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Search October 26, 2009 CNN Associated Health Problems.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Search October 26, 2009 Google Search - Associated Health Problems.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Shows Heart Benefits in Study NYTimes November 16, 2009 by Rabin.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Study AUG 18, 2009 Prospective Study of Predictors of Vitamin D Status+Colorectal Cancer.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Study Best Results When Supplements Taken With largest Meal of the Day Yahoo News May 6, 2019.pdf

2V 2009 Vitamin D Ultraviolet Radiation+Human Health WHO December 2009 Fact Sheet.pdf

2V 2010 CDC Vitamin D - Skin Cancer Information March 15, 2010.pdf

2V 2010 Low Levels Vitamin D Link-Muscle Fat-Decreased Strength-Young People March 6, 2010 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2010 March 12, 2010 Vitamin D+Calcium Interplay Explored EurekAlert AAAS.pdf

2V 2010 Public Health Assessments+Health Consulattions Illinois Dupage County Landfill 2010.pdf

2V 2010 SF Chronicle Graph-Food Sources for Vitamin D January 9, 2010.pdf

2V 2010 Trial Results Show Vitamin D Helps Prevent Flu April 4, 2010 Study.pdf

2V 2010 Vitamin D Deficiency Increasingly Common in U.S Children January 9, 2010 S.F. Chronicle.pdf

2V 2010 Vitamin D Deficiency Likely Among Kidney Disease Patients February 25, 2010 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2010 Vitamin D - Fat-Soluble Vitamins+Micronutrients 2010.pdf

2V 2010 Vitamin D General Information MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia May 8, 2010.pdf

2V 2010 Vitamin D Levels NOT Enough for Winter University of California Davis Study January 14, 2010.pdf

2V 2010 Vitamin D Lifts Mood During Cold Weather Months Study March 8, 2010 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2010 Vitamin D+Milk Drinking During Pregnancy May Lower Risk-Multiple Schlerosis FEB 12, 2010 SD News.pdf

2V 2010 Vitamin D Scientists Discovered Crucial to Activating Immune Defenses March 8, 2010 Science Daily News.pdf

2V 2010 Vitamin D Study Suggest Sunlight Exposure Reduces Kidney Cancer Risk in Men March 8, 2010 SD News.pdf

2X 2000 UV-B USDA Study 2000 Agricultural Vegetation Canopies.pdf

2X 2006 Scientist Now Predict Disruptions Caused by Mass Coronal Ejections by Sun Science News March 1, 2006.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B Radiation Definition Characteristics July 2008 USDA.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B Radiation Overview of Health Effects from Increased UB-B Ozone Depletion 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Agriculture Sustainability Key Players July 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Colorado State University United States Climate Network July 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Colorado State University United States Program Sites July 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Effects on Agriculture Forests Ecosystems Plants July 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Monitoring Research Program Colorado State University July 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Monitoring Research Program Colorado State University July 23, 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Monitoring Research Program History March 21, 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Monitoring Research Program Publications July 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Monitoring Research Program Sites U.S. Map July 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Monitoring Research Program Site Map July 23, 2008.pdf

2X 2008 UV-B USDA Monitoring Research Progrm Items of Interest July 2008.pdf

2Y 2003 NOAA M.D. Particles CSU Study Cirrus Clouds Aluminum Oxide-Alumina Silicate-Iron Oxide-Nanoscale.pdf

2Z 2007 No Comment Global Dimming wikipedia August 25, 2007.pdf

2Z 2008 Next Energy News 2007-2008 New Inventions-Safety Questions.pdf

2Z 2008 Next Energy News 2007-2008 Solar Power-Flight-Satellites-Fuels-Space.pdf

2Z 2008 Next Energy News Search 2008 Aerospace-Fuels-Solar Power-Future Aviation.pdf

2Z 2008 Next Energy News September 18, 2008 Researchers Create Synthetic Tree to Study Organic Heat Transfer.pdf

2Z 2008 Next Energy Search 2008 Solar-Fuels-Flight-Inventions.pdf

2Z 2008 No Comment UV Radiation Wikipedia July 13, 2008 Osteomalacia-Rickets.pdf

2Z 2009 Next Energy News Aerospace Inventions 2007-2008 Search May 29, 2009.pdf

2Z 2009 Vitamin D October 26, 2009 http___www.vitamindcouncil.pdf

2Z 2010 New Scientist Writes What is Wrong with the Sun June 14, 2010 Another Public Scare Tactic-Many Questions.pdf

2Z 2010 No Comment Monbiot March 12, 2010 Solar Power-The German Disease http___www.monbiot.pdf

2Z 2010 SOHO Solar Heliosperic Obsrvatory Sun Image May 28, 2010 http___sohowww.nascom.nasa.pdf

2Z 2010 Sun King Hedge Fund Manager David Gelbaum NYTimes May 7, 2010 Green Technology-Solar.pdf

Vitamin D

Coming soon.

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NASA studies show that increasingly persistent jet contrails may turn into man-made clouds that are”…trapping warmth in the atmosphere and exacerbating global warming…” NASA goes on to state that “…any change in global cloud cover may contribute to long-term changes in Earth’s climate. Contrails, especially persistent contrails, represent a human-caused increase in the Earth’s cloudiness, and are likely to be affecting climate and ultimately our natural resources…” (See Geoengineering Section NASA documents.)

The U.S. House has held three geoengineering hearings since the first one on November 5, 2009.  Solar Radiation Management and other schemes were being discussed during these hearings along with global geoengineering governance.  The public was not invited to participate and scientists from agriculture, ocean, and biologists were not invited to testify or attend these hearings which only allowed those financially invested in promoting these schemes to testify. 

We are already subjected to many atmospheric experiments which, in some cases, may damage the fragile atmospheric layers that protect us from the harmful rays of the sun, are damaging the ozone layer that protects Earth, and some experiments may breakdown these fragile layers allowing harmful UV and  infrared radiation to reach the Earth-crisping plants and trees and superheating the Earth.